Frequently asked questions
Is it possible to cure someone of autism as some websites and people appearing in the news suggest?
There is no known cure for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) — only treatment. In some individuals, quality intense early intervention can so significantly reduce symptoms and improve social and communication abilities that many feel recovery is possible. Most people with ASD however will exhibit symptoms to some degree and face challenges in the areas of socialization and communication throughout their lives. It is important to note that many adults with ASD who are living happily have no wish to be "cured" of their unique perspectives and thought processes.
Does the disorder get worse over time?
Symptoms of the disorder do not generally get worse over time; in fact, often times they improve. Some aspects of the disorder, such as problematic behaviors, can get worse, however, if they are not addressed promptly and effectively. With appropriate intervention, the majority of individuals with ASD will make progress and show improvements in social and communication skills. For instance, when effective training is provided, even a child with ASD who is nonverbal can learn sign language, utilize picture symbols, or use assistive technology to improve communication abilities.
What will my child with autism be like as an adult?
Just as no one can predict outcomes in life for children without disabilities, the same is true for children with disabilities such as autism. Life outcomes for individuals with ASD will depend on many factors, such as: the severity involved; the timing, intensity and effectiveness of interventions used; progress made through education; and even basic personalities. Most people with autism, regardless of severity, will face challenges in socializing and communicating with others, though the challenges will be greater for individuals who are severely affected. Further, most people with ASD will exhibit some degree of repetitive behavior or restricted interests throughout their lifetime. Some will live independently or semi-independently and hold jobs or have careers, while others may need close supervision and direct care for the remainder of their lives. Some will marry and have families of their own; many will struggle to develop and maintain relationships on any level. Only time will reveal the outcomes possible for your child or loved one. One thing is certain though — with intervention, support and caring, all individuals with autism can learn, grow as individuals, be happy, live with dignity and reach their full potential.
Is intellectual disability associated with autism spectrum disorder?
Some individuals with ASD also have intellectual disabilities (formerly referred to as mental retardation). Recent epidemiological surveys have shown that the prevalence rates of intellectual disability in children with autism is between 40 and 55 percent. Some sources estimate that as many as 75 percent of individuals with ASD have an intellectual disability. However, these high percentages have been challenged in recent years because there is not enough empirical evidence to develop scientific conclusions. For one reason, people with ASD do not perform well on typical intelligence tests due to poor verbal skills and other factors, so any research studies in the past utilizing standard IQ tests would not have produced reliable results. Additional research is needed before scientists can accurately estimate the percentage of persons with ASD who also have an intellectual disability. (Read related research article.) It is also important to note that some individuals with ASD are so highly intelligent they are considered geniuses.
Why are people now calling the condition autism spectrum disorder instead of autism, Asperger’s syndrome, etc.?
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) produces the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. The APA is in the process of updating the DSM and has proposed creating a single category called autism spectrum disorder that would subsume three existing disorders and eliminate another. If adopted by the APA, these changes will go into effect in May 2013. In anticipation of the changes being approved, many people and organizations have begun using the new terminology.
Updated: August 2, 2011